BUDGET

Major Engineering Project

The Three Gorges Dam is a hydroelectric dam that spans the Yangtze River by the town of Sandouping, located in Yiling District, Yichang, Hubei province, China. The Three Gorges Dam is the world's largest power station in terms of installed capacity (22,500 MW). The dam is the largest operating hydroelectric facility in terms of annual energy generation, generating 83.7 TWh in 2013 and 98.8 TWh in 2014, while the annual energy generation of the Itaipú Dam in Brazil and Paraguay was 98.6 TWh in 2013 and 87.8 in 2014.

Except for a ship lift, the dam project was completed and fully functional as of July 4, 2012, when the last of the main water turbines in the underground plant began production. Each main water turbine has a capacity of 700 MW. The dam body was completed in 2006. Coupling the dam's 32 main turbines with two smaller generators (50 MW each) to power the plant itself, the total electric generating capacity of the dam is 22,500 MW.

As well as producing electricity, the dam is intended to increase the Yangtze River's shipping capacity and reduce the potential for floods downstream by providing flood storage space. The Chinese government regards the project as a historic engineering, social and economic success, with the design of state-of-the-art large turbines, and a move toward limiting greenhouse gas emissions. However, the dam flooded archaeological and cultural sites and displaced some 1.3 million people, and is causing significant ecological changes, including an increased risk of landslides. The dam has been a controversial topic both domestically and abroad.

Dam: The dam is the most important component of hydroelectric power plant. The dam is built on a large river that has abundant quantity of water throughout the year. It should be built at a location where the height of the river is sufficient to get the maximum possible potential energy from water.

Water Reservoir: The water reservoir is the place behind the dam where water is stored. The water in the reservoir is located higher than the rest of the dam structure. The height of water in the reservoir decides how much potential energy the water possesses. The higher the height of water, the more its potential energy. The high position of water in the reservoir also enables it to move downwards effortlessly.

The height of water in the reservoir is higher than the natural height of water flowing in the river, so it is considered to have an altered equilibrium. This also helps to increase the overall potential energy of water, which helps ultimately produce more electricity in the power generation unit.

Intake or Control Gates: These are the gates built on the inside of the dam. The water from reservoir is released and controlled through these gates. These are called inlet gates because water enters the power generation unit through these gates. When the control gates are opened the water flows due to gravity through the penstock and towards the turbines. The water flowing through the gates possesses potential as well as kinetic energy.

The Penstock :The penstock is the long pipe or the shaft that carries the water flowing from the reservoir towards the power generation unit, comprised of the turbines and generator. The water in the penstock possesses kinetic energy due to its motion and potential energy due to its height.

Troubleshooting

Report

The institution will benefit the nursing home. The main impact that this solar oven with the institution, is to benefit its economic power to the asylum , because this oven will help them to produce certain foods to then sell and profit to the institution . Another point is to save on food preparation with free solar energy.

Because of the need that we see in our visit to the nursing home in Manzanillo, it was identified that the greatest need is there has fundraising . From this need it begins with the design and construction of intelligent solar oven. They explained that with this oven could bake cookies or bread to sell or consumption within the institution. The originality of this project is that besides being eco- friendly will design a user interface that also help the institution to this issue . It will be able to generate more income to lower cost of production.  Through the mechanism able to go in search of their food source is expected to have better performance in the same when it comes to preparing food, making the most of solar energy. It will implement a PID controller to achieve a temperature stabilizing a given period.

The principal parts of the project are the reflector, the inner box, the glass cover, the outside box, the motors and the thermocouple.

The function of the reflector is reflect the sunlight and then the sunlight then the sunlight enters for the glass cover and heats the inner box.

Solar energy

1. How many main types of clouds are there?

There are Ten Basic Cloud Types Cirrostratus, Cirrocumulus, Altostratus, Altocumulus, Nimbostratus, Cumulus, Stratus, Cumulonimbus, Stratocumulus.

2. Can clouds increase solar irradiance reaching a photovoltaic?

yes, It can.

3. Do solar towers that produce energy from the sun work at night?

No, need occurs for the direct irradiance.

4. Which of the three (or combination of) types of solar irradiance do photovoltaics use?

Direct

Diffuse

Reflected

R=All three

5. Which one the countries below has the highest solar irradiance potential?

Germany

6. Is solar energy the solution?

Yes of course, because it's cheaper and have 0 emissions.

7. Should more focus be given to better and cheaper batteries to store energy for household use?

yes.

8. If satellite imaging was open-data, and anyone could access it, would that increase the use of solar energy systems?

yes.

9. How would the world, as we know it, change, if free energy was available for all?

We need to promote the culture of savings for you seize the power.

Glossary

Report

Report for the Integrate project

My wishes for this project are do the Cartesian Robot at 100% and obtain new knowledge about programming, mechanics and dynamic for me and my team.For the control we will programming in C++ Builder, this program will control the step motors of the Cartesian Robot for move the drill and doing the strokes we wish.For the step motors we will use integrated circuits for decode the signal received of the computer and move the steps necessary for move the robot to the point we wish.I hope our project will work correctly and efficiently.

At this stage of development of the project was attentive to the details and missing parts for building our robot and I started with a motivation as in the area of mechanical and construction I like to work more and I started to make the robot with my partners as we work as a team should be. I also worked in welding pieces of our robot, polish and a very important work in the construction phase have encouragement to work and if you mess correct no matter how often and something very important that you learn is to know and handle materials and construction machines thing .Also walked the slope on the development of the dissertation errors and things that we were missing and other things to help my fellow processing circuit is performed as is the development of Bakelite.

In the last part of the project we expected the machine works fine but a lot of problems about of the mechanism arises.In the same way the experiences that we got to make the structure of the Cartesian robot This time, I had to work in the communication that exists between the engines with the power circuits and control circuits. I liked working with my teammates because we all bring something and so we split the work to move faster even if there were some disputes but always were solved.